Insulin receptors are the chemical structures on cells, where insulin binds to the cell and where insulin can get its messages inside the cell. From Harper's Biochemistry 25th edition, "insulin receptors are found on most mammalian cells in concentrations of up to 20,000 per cell (Ref. Robert K. Murray, MD, Ph.D., Daryl K. Granmer, MD, Peter A. Mayes, Ph.D., D.Sc., Victor W. Fodwell, Ph.D., Harper's Biochemistry, 25th Edition, Appleton & Lance, Stanford, Connecticut, 2000, Page 618)." So insulin receptors are concentrated at about 20,000 per cell.

Insulin resistance is when insulin is not working efficiently. The insulin is present, but target tissues are less sensitive to insulin. From Harper's Biochemistry, "In conditions in which plasma insulin levels are high, e.g. obesity, the number of insulin receptors is decreased and target tissues become less sensitive to insulin. This down-regulation results from the loss of receptors by internalization, the process whereby insulin-receptor complexes enter the cell. Down-regulation explains part of the insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Page 619)." So part of insulin resistance is the result of high insulin levels leading to reduced numbers of insulin receptors.

The key point is higher levels of insulin create a vicious circle of less sensitive insulin due to down-regulation of insulin receptors, resulting in even higher insulin levels and increased insulin insensitivity. Diabetics mainly focus on blood sugar levels, but reducing insulin levels is vital. Losing weight, exercise, eating low glycemic foods, eating small meals, supplements, and other methods can reduce insulin levels (these ideas are all found on this web site).


Note – In order for these anti-aging ideas to be successful, you must use supplements of the highest quality. Dr. Bob often said, "almost all supplement companies produce poor quality." You can consider the product page of this web site. Almost all the products met Dr. Bob’s approval. Since he passed away we have attempted to keep the same high standards.

WARNING:  DO NOT STOP ANY TREATMENT OR MEDICATION YOU CURRENTLY USE.  CONSULT WITH YOUR DOCTOR BEFORE STARTING THE USE OF SUPPLEMENTS. 

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